Earth

Earth
Name of Planet	Earth
Number of Sattelites	1
Discovered by	240 BCE by Eratosthenes
Atmospheric Makeup	78% nitrogen,; 20.5% oxygen; 0.9% argon; 0.04% carbon dioxide
Distance from Sun	93 million miles from the Sun (1 astronomical unit)
Diameter	7926 miles; 12,756 kilometers
Axial tilt	23.4 degrees
Orbit	365.25 (1 year) Earthen days
Position in Solar System	Third planet from Sun
Surface Features	29.2% land 70.8% water
Albedo	(geometric) 0.367; (bond) 0.306
Aphelion	95.06 million miles
Perihelion	91.936 million miles
Mass of Planet	5.974 x 10^24 kg
Escape Velocity	11.12 kilometers/second

[]

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only planet known to support life nowadays. Liquid water makes up 71% of Earth's entire surface, and only 29% is solid land. Earth is the largest terrestrial planet and is the fifth largest planet, with the fifth largest natural satellite.

It is home to a sapient race of organisms referred to as Modern Humans, or Homo Sapiens scientifically. They have a population of 7.9 billion and is currently causing an ongoing period of geographic mass extinction on Earth.

Formation[]

The Earth formed from a clump of rocky materials and particles about 4.54 billion years ago. It was a molten planet with extreme volcanic activity and had an atmosphere composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, similar to that of the Sun and Jovians' atmosphere composition.

Around 4.53 billion years ago, a massive Earth trojan planet referred to as Theia, came in an unstable orbit around Earth and caused a catastophic collision event. This collision completely obliterated Theia and ripped off Earth's outer crust, throwing back the leftover debris into a planetary ring system, like Saturn. The ring system later clumped together into a molten ball of rock and debris which would be now known as the Moon.

Earth's Sister Planet[]

Venus, the Earth's neighboring planet, is classified as its sister due to its similar size and shape. However, they're very different from each other. Venus has ongoing volcanic activity and a thick atmosphere which traps heat on the surface, making a catastrophic greenhouse effect on the entire planet and making life impossible. Earth, on the other hand, is 70.6% water and has an atmosphere of oxygen and nitrogen, unlike Venus.

Atmospheric Makeup[]

The Earth's atmosphere is mostly made of nitrogen. In fact, more than three fourths of the atmosphere is nitrogen. Oxygen makes up just more than one-fourth of the atmosphere. The rest is made up of less than one percent argon and carbon dioxide.

The atmosphere is split into two main layers: the troposphere and the stratosphere. The troposphere is the closest layer of the atmosphere to us. All of the weather on Earth occurs in this layer. The stratosphere is the lowest layer of the mesosphere, and is where the temperature of the atmosphere begins to increase due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. This layer is also rich with ozone, for it contains a portion of the ozone layer.

Other layers include the mesosphere, the region in the atmosphere at which the temperatures drop to below -100 degrees Fahrenheit due to radiation being reflected away from this layer into the stratosphere. This layer is where the majority of the ozone layer is found. The ozone layer is the layer created by the build up of ozone, which is a gaseous substance that absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.

Clouds are another addition in the atmosphere. These occur when air in the troposphere begins to rise and then fall. The cool air falls since it is more dense and the warm air rises because it is less dense. This process is called convection. When water vapor rises, it becomes heated and continues rising because it becomes less dense. Then, once it rises above the clouds, it cools and condenses, becoming clouds.

Name	Oceans Water	Creating	Creating Year	Created Thing	Life
Earth	Salty	With Meteors	4,542,997,979 BC	Asteroid	Yes

Structure[]

Internal Structure[]

Tectonic Plates[]

Satellites that orbited Earth[]

1990-2017
Spacecraft	Organization	Date	Distance
Giotto	ESA	2 July 1990	22,730 km
Galileo	NASA	8 December 1990	301 km
Sakigake	ISAS	8 January 1992	88,790 km
Suisei	ISAS	20 August 1992	failure
Galileo	NASA	8 December 1992
Sakigake	ISAS	14 June 1993 28 October 1994
NEAR Shoemaker	NASA	23 January 1998	540 km
Nozomi	ISAS	20 December 1998	1000 km
Giotto	ESA	1 July 1999	failure
Cassini	NASA ESA ASI	18 August 1999	1171 km
Stardust	NASA	15 January 2001	6000 km
Nozomi	ISAS	December 2002 19 June 2003	11,000 km 1000 km
Hayabusa	ISAS	19 May 2004	20,000 km
Rosetta	ESA	4 March 2005	1950 km
MESSENGER	NASA	2 August 2005	2348 km
Stardust	NASA	15 January 2006
Rosetta	ESA	13 November 2007
Deep Impact	NASA	31 December 2007 December 2008	15,567 km 43,450 km
Stardust	NASA	14 January 2009	9200 km
Rosetta	ESA	13 November 2009
Deep Impact	NASA	June 2009 December 2009 June 2010	36,900 km
Juno	NASA	9 October 2013	559 km
Hayabusa 2	JAXA	3 December 2015
PROCYON	University of Tokyo JAXA	3 December 2015
Shin'en 2	Kyutech	4 December 2015
OSIRIS-REx	NASA	22 September 2017	17,237 km

Trivia[]

It's Only Owned Lifes

Tectonic plates are the makeup of the lithosphere. These plates can be 60 km thick and are the plates that drive the continents. These plates can join together to form boundaries. Some boundaries can cause geographical features such as mountains when they collide and push up the crust plate (convergent boundary), some can cause earthquakes when they slide against each other causing tension (transform boundary), or seafloor spreading when two plates move away from one another (divergent boundary).

Due to this, there is a process called continental drift. Continental drift was founded by Alfred Wegener, and involves all of the continents moving about the Earth, but the change is so small, it is undetectable by humans. This theory proves that Pangaea existed more than 250 million years ago. Pangaea was a supercontinent that combined all of the known continents we know today. Through the process of continental drift, Pangaea split up after going through several changes and shifted into the places the continents are in today.

Orbit and Rotation[]

Earth's orbit takes one Earthern year. This is equal to 365.25 Earthern days. With the extra one-fourth, every four years, the one-fourth becomes a whole and adds an extra Earthern day, making it a leap year.

Earth takes 23 hours, 57 minutes to make one rotation on its axis. This number is mostly rounded to what we know as 24 hours in one Earthen day.

Moons[]

Earth has one moons (two temporary), Moon, S509356, and YX205B9.

Pictures[]

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250 million years from now[]

AlltheEarth's continents will unite together and form a new supercontinent; Pangaea Proxima. (Novopangaea anyone?)

800 million years from now[]

The enlarging of the amount of heat from the Sun will exhaust the carbon cycle of plants and other organisms that use photosynthesis, and later kill them off, causing a mass extinction event.

2 billion years from now[]

The Earth's oceans will evaporate into the atmosphere and experience a greenhouse event.

Because of this event, the Earth will develop a thick atmosphere of hydrogen and oxygen and become a greenhouse planet like Venus.

5 billion years from now[]

The Moon and the Sun's gravitational pull will exhaust the Earth's rotation period and therefore, make the Earth tidally locked with the Sun. This will no longer create days and will make a permanent daytime and a nighttime on Earth, like the Moon.

7.9 billion years from now[]

The Sun will become a red giant and engulf Mercury and Venus's orbit, eventually engulfing Earth's too. This will vaporize the Earth entirely and mark the end of life on Earth.

8.0 billion years from now[]

If Earth survived Red Giant Phase, it's orbit would became very short.

9.2 billion years from now[]

Earth's orbit would fall into sun. If Earth stayed in this orbit, Earth's orbit would be higher because of small losing mass of sun.

16.9 billion years from now[]

Earth's orbit would get high, for example Mars orbit will take 7.45 years to orbit, Jupiter orbit would take 28.1 years to orbit around sun, Saturn's orbit would take 56.7 or 62.9 years to orbit around sun. Uranus orbit would take 198.3 or 234.5 years to orbit around sun. Neptune's orbit would take 546.4 or 561.9 years to orbit. So earth's orbit would take 3.85 years to orbit around sun.